Frustrations Over Unreliable FibreNest Broadband on Carlisle Housing Estate | ISPreview UK

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Residents of the 100-home Amberwood estate in Carlisle (Cumbria, England), which was originally built by Persimmon Homes and thus served by a single full fibre (FTTP) network from FibreNest (recently acquired by OFNL), have expressed frustration after another protracted broadband outage hit the area – allegedly the latest in a long list of disruptions over the past 6 years.

The latest outage is said to have disrupted internet connectivity for three long days earlier this month, which FibreNest attributed to being caused by “malicious damage to infrastructure owned by its network partner, Virgin Media” (likely a reference to a core fibre link that feeds data capacity to the development).

NOTE: The Amberwood estate is surrounded by rival FTTP networks from Openreach, Virgin Media (inc. nexfibre) and Netomnia. But none of them reach inside the estate. The only alternative fixed line choice for some homes on the estate is Openreach’s slow copper based broadband network.

However, residents told the local News & Star that the latest outage is part of a long-running pattern of unreliable service stretching back more than six years, with complaints highlighting a lack of support from the ISP and the need to spend extra money on 4G/5G based mobile broadband as a backup due to local connectivity being deemed unreliable.

This isn’t a one-off – it’s happening all the time, with days of no internet,” said estate resident Melanie MacPake. Complaints like this have cropped up on other estates where FibreNest / OFNL are present (example) and tend to be exasperated by the fact that the operator is often the only gigabit-capable broadband network present, which in this case stems from the fact that FibreNest used to be part of Persimmon and thus held some degree of exclusivity over the estate.

FibreNest’s dominance of such estates often makes it challenging for rival networks to enter (residents in other areas have previously described this as being similar to a mini “monopoly“). Persimmon Homes did respond to this criticism in 2021 by launching a wholesale product (FibreNest Wholesale) that rival ISPs could harness (here), but this has thus far not been attractive enough to entice any other providers.

The new owner of FibreNest, BUUK Infrastructure (GTC, OFNL – Open Fibre Networks Limited), has said that it plans to introduce customer choice across FibreNest-served developments in 2026. But this is currently only likely to reflect an expanded choice of retail ISPs, albeit via the same underlying network infrastructure (i.e. the ISPs on OFNL’s platform), and should thus not be confused with real competitive infrastructure layer choice. This may also not be enough to address the unreliability of the existing infrastructure.

A spokesperson for FibreNest added that it “strives to deliver the best possible experience for its customers” and “continuously reviews all aspects of its service“. But it’s currently unclear whether they plan to make any changes that might improve the resilience of their underlying network on the estate.

At present situations like this rarely catch the eye of the government and thus wider debate, since they exist at a fairly small scale relative to the wider UK broadband market. But it’s possible that may change as the national deployment of full fibre lines slowly reaches its target of near universal (c.99%) coverage by 2032. This could potentially shift some of the focus back toward resolving infrastructure competition in such niche areas. But hope is not a strategy.

Consolidation Tracker for Alternative UK Gigabit Broadband Networks | ISPreview UK

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The past couple of years have been awash with news and predictions about rising consolidation within the UK’s market for alternative fixed broadband networks (altnets). But keeping track of so many developments can be difficult, so ISPreview has decided to start a new tracker, which monitors related announcements since 2020 onwards.

Most altnets across the market are currently looking at consolidation as a way of balancing against the difficult market conditions that have arisen over the past few years. Much of this has been driven by high interest rates, rising build costs and strong competition (i.e. overbuild and the impact on customer take-up) – all of which is making it hard to raise fresh investment and expand networks.

NOTE: Check out our regularly updated Summary of UK Full Fibre Builds for more background. Ofcom currently predicts (here) that gigabit broadband will cover between 91% to 97% of the UK by January 2028 (currently 87%). The government’s £5bn Project Gigabit scheme also aims to extend this to c.99% by 2032 (here).

However, it’s easy to overlook that this squeeze has already resulted in quite a few sizeable consolidation agreements taking place, and many industry observers expect the current crop of c.80 altnets to shrink down into a market dominated by just a handful (or less) of players over the coming years. Suffice to say that we’ve been keeping track of this for a while and thought readers might benefit if we shared our data.

Take note that the table below is purely focused on infrastructure providers – typically those that have been building full fibre networks for consumers to use – and not retail ISPs, although some of the below agreements do include vertically integrated retail ISPs (we’ll mention those where relevant). The list excludes business providers that only offer traditional Ethernet (leased line) services, as they’re somewhat of a different animal and usually focused on site-specific connectivity, rather than wide area coverage of both homes and businesses.

Altnet UK Fibre Consolidation Tracker (Jan 2020 – Dec 2025)

CityFibre agreed a £200m deal to purchase FibreNation (FN) from the TalkTalk group. The FN project had originally aspired to cover 3 million UK premises, but at the time they had only covered c.54,000 premises in York and were working to reach hundreds of thousands more across various other locations. TalkTalk also reached a wholesale wider agreement with CityFibre as part of the deal.

The 4th Utility, which specialised in deploying FTTP to residential properties (mostly new build developments), acquired London focused provider Vision Fibre Media (VFM) for an undisclosed sum. At the time VFM claimed to have connected over 10,000 properties to their own full fibre network.

London-focused network CommunityFibre acquired Box Broadband for an undisclosed sum. At the time Box had a much smaller network (7,000 premises) in parts of Surrey and West Sussex, albeit with plans to expand much further across Southern England.

The Fern Trading backed Swish Fibre stepped in to acquire People’s Fibre for a cash sum of £2.8m after they began to struggle with competition in their build areas. At the start of People’s Fibre’s administration process, the network had built to just 5,293 premises and connected only 150 of those to their service.

The Fern Trading backed altnets of Jurassic Fibre, Swish Fibre and Giganet agreed to merge. The process ultimately didn’t fully complete until June 2025 (here), which resulted in AllPoints Fibre Networks (APFN) managing the wholesale network and Cuckoo becoming their primary retail ISP. As of November 2024 the combined network is estimated to cover c.300k premises.

Nexfibre, which is closely tied by some of the same parentage to Virgin Media (VMO2), acquired Upp from investment firm LetterOne. The deal occurred after a security review by the Government forced the latter into a sale. At the time of the deal, Upp was said to cover 175,000 premises and be home to just 4,000 customers.

Voneus announced a deal to consolidate Broadway Partners, SWS Broadband and Cadence Networks into their network – funded by up to £250m in new capital. The deal reflected an agreement between a consortium of existing investment partners, including Macquarie Capital, Israel Infrastructure Fund (IIF) and Tiger Infrastructure Partners.

Network operator Digital Infrastructure (BeFibre) agreed to merge into FullFibre Limited. Both were backed by investment from Basalt Infrastructure Partners LLP. The consolidation created a single network covering over 250,000 homes, with an ambition to deliver 1 million live premises through a wholesale business model.

Freedom Fibre signs an agreement with InfraBridge-backed VX UK Holdings Ltd (VXFIBER) to combine their respective broadband networks – reflecting a combined total of 285,000 premises passed.

Major wholesale centric altnet operator CityFibre acquires LitFibre’s base of 200,000 premises (inc. 9,000 retailed customers) for c.£80m. CityFibre later splits out LitFibre to operate as an independent retail ISP for the aforementioned customer base.

Network operator Trooli, which was backed by Agnar UK Infrastructure, consolidated Axione UK’s smaller network in rural Scotland into their wider network across England – both operators had some links via French parent investment firm Vauban Infrastructure Partners. Details of the original agreement have not been made public.

Netomnia and Brsk, both of which were backed by investment firm Advencap, agreed to merge and create a combined network covering 1.5 million premises (RFS), including a customer base of 140,000. The deal set a new target of reaching 3 million premises (coverage) by the end of 2025. At the time of the deal, the combined group was worth c.£1.3bn.

The tiny network operator of RunFibre, which largely focused on parts of South Gloucestershire and had only covered around 1,500 premises, found itself being acquired by network and engineering firm the Fibreray Group for an undisclosed sum.

Oaktree Capital backed Zzoomm was consolidated into FullFibre Limited, which itself was backed by Basalt Infrastructure Partners LLP. The deal created a combined group with a network spanning 600,000 premises passed (RFS) and over 65,000 customers. Some reports speculated (unconfirmed) that the combined group could be worth £500m.

CityFibre acquired PATRIZIA-backed Connexin for an undisclosed sum. At the time of the deal, Connexin’s fibre network passed 80,000 premises. The agreement also meant that CityFibre took responsibility for Connexin’s £58.6m (state aid) Project Gigabit contract to reach 34,320 rural premises in Nottinghamshire and West Lincolnshire (Lot 10). Finally, Connexin retained their existing retail base and will act as an independent ISP.

BUUK Infrastructure (aka – Open Fibre Networks Limited – OFNL) acquired FibreNest from Persimmon Homes for a discounted total enterprise value of c. £100m. At the time of the deal, OFNL covered an estimated 170k premises and FibreNest reached around 54,000. Both networks focus on deploying fibre across developments for new build homes.

Ask4, which normally builds networks for the student and rental accommodation sector, acquired ClearFibre – previously part of Elevate (formerly Telcom) – to help grow their position in the UK’s Build-to-Rent (BTR) market. No solid financial or network coverage details were disclosed to the public.

A relatively new network provider called Fibre Nova acquired RunFibre from the Fibreray Group. No financial or updated network coverage figures were released. In August 2024 RunFibre stated that its network had passed “over 1,500 premises“ – mostly in South Gloucestershire.

Truespeed and County Broadband, both of which are backed by Aviva Investors, agreed to merge and created a combined group under the Truespeed Communications Group Ltd – covering 177,000 premises (RFS), with 40,000 customers already connected to the network.

We will add more consolidation agreements to this list as they occur.

Total Agreements by Year

  • 2020: 1
  • 2021: 3
  • 2022: 0
  • 2023: 5
  • 2024: 4
  • 2025: 6
  • 2026: ? (in progress)

2025 vs 2024 – UK Broadband and Mobile Speeds vs the World | ISPreview UK

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ISPreview is today ending 2025 by taking our annual look back to see how the United Kingdom’s position, in terms of the top 50 fastest countries for fixed broadband and mobile speeds (4G, 5G), has changed since 2024. Overall, the UK’s global rank for mobile speed is now 59th (down from 53rd last year), while our ranking for fixed broadband is 44th (unchanged).

The following report was created by harnessing data from Ookla’s popular Speedtest.net database for benchmarking internet connections around the world, which admittedly does have its caveats. For example, the data can be impacted by other aspects of the connection (e.g. slow Wi-Fi, local network congestion, the performance of speedtest.net’s own servers and consumer package choice), but these issues are shared by all countries.

NOTE: Data is gathered in November each year and the figures are all ‘median‘ averages.

However, the main differentiator for speeds between countries tends to stem from the balance between network availability and the take-up of faster connection types. For example, countries with a high coverage of gigabit-capable broadband technologies (FTTP, DOCSIS 3.1+) or strong 5G mobile services (ideally with plenty of radio spectrum for them to harness) will naturally rank highest in the table.

In terms of the UK, we’ve seen a strong and continuous improvement in the availability of both faster fixed and mobile networks. For example, Ofcom recently revealed (here) that 1000Mbps (gigabit) capable fixed broadband ISP networks had reached 87% of premises (up from 84% last year), which falls to 78% when only looking at full fibre FTTP lines (up from 69%).

As for 5G mobile, it is now available from at least one MNO (operator) in the vicinity of around 94-97% of UK premises (up from 90-95% last year) or 64-89% when looking at outside areas with availability from all operators combined (up from 61-79%).

UK Broadband and Mobile Stats vs the World – 2025

The data below reveals that fixed line broadband and mobile speeds have continued to improve across the world. But despite some noted improvements in 5G coverage, other countries still seem able to improve their real-world mobile performance at a faster or similar pace. On the flip side, the UK has seen continued growth in the coverage and take-up of full fibre lines, despite a build slowdown among smaller alternative networks.

We’ve summarised some of the key changes below.

UK Fixed & Mobile Speeds vs The World (2025)

Performance Categories 2025 2024
UK Country Rank for Fixed Line 44th 44th
Global Latency – Fixed Line 9ms 9ms
Global Upload – Fixed Line 56.95Mbps 50.26Mbps
Global Download – Fixed Line 106.84Mbps 94.52Mbps
UK Latency – Fixed Line 12ms 13ms
UK Upload – Fixed Line 45.07Mbps 30.28Mbps
UK Download – Fixed Line 147.35Mbps 117.49Mbps
 
UK Country Rank for Mobile 59th 53rd
Global Latency – Mobile 25ms 27ms
Global Upload – Mobile 13.23Mbps 11.33Mbps
Global Download – Mobile 93.47Mbps 59.15Mbps
UK Latency – Mobile 32ms 34ms
UK Upload – Mobile 8.31Mbps 7.64Mbps
UK Download – Mobile 68.46Mbps 56.34Mbps

In addition, it’s worth noting that only two of the UK’s cities appear in Ookla’s list of the top fastest cities in the world. For example, for mobile connections, Manchester delivered the fastest average download speed of 113.67Mbps, but it was only ranked 72nd. After that comes London on 78th, which delivered speeds of 103.36Mbps.

In terms of fixed line connections, Manchester, which ranked 60th in this table, once again came top with a speed of 156.03Mbps and they were followed by London in 65th place and a speed of 144.82Mbps.

Otherwise, the following tables show how the countries compare, using only download speed as the key measure, across the top 50 countries. Sadly, Ookla doesn’t make it easy to do the same table for uploads or latency.

Fastest 50 Countries for Fixed Broadband Speed (DL) in 2025

Country (2025) Mbps Country (2024) Mbps
Singapore  400.68 Singapore  316.99
Chile  352.63 United Arab Emirates  300.54
Hong Kong (SAR)  338.81 Hong Kong (SAR)  296.97
United Arab Emirates  334.13 Chile  279.14
France  316.02 United States  253.34
Macau (SAR)  313.66 France  247.35
United States  289.44 Thailand  236.12
Iceland  271.99 Denmark  230.41
Israel  264.55 Iceland  224.58
Thailand  264.54 Romania  220.66
Vietnam  263.88 Spain  217.92
Taiwan  254.59 Switzerland  214.8
Romania  253.91 Israel  211.64
Switzerland  253.48 Taiwan  208.17
Denmark  246.44 Canada  201.32
Spain  246.24 Macau (SAR)  200.39
Canada  235.57 Kuwait  199.27
South Korea  234.41 Japan  196.27
Kuwait  230.95 China  194.79
Peru  226.36 Netherlands  191.86
Hungary  225.16 Liechtenstein  187.86
Portugal  222.81 Qatar  186.79
Japan  219.31 Hungary  185.94
New Zealand  217.7 Peru  185.54
Netherlands  213.16 Portugal  182.62
Brazil  210.56 New Zealand  180.75
China  205.92 Brazil  180
Qatar  205.59 South Korea  168.13
Colombia  196.6 Poland  167.46
Poland  195.15 Jordan  158.86
Luxembourg  194.25 Uruguay  158.83
Panama  190.24 Panama  158.18
Liechtenstein  189.09 Colombia  157.29
Jordan  188.44 Sweden  154.48
Uruguay  187.49 Vietnam  153.21
Malta  184.34 Luxembourg  152.84
Ireland  173.77 Lithuania  139.37
Sweden  171.92 Ireland  138.96
Malaysia  156.8 Norway  138.36
Moldova  154.35 Malta  129.24
Norway  153.87 Moldova  127.34
Finland  153.1 Finland  124.37
Costa Rica  150.33 Malaysia  120.8
United Kingdom  147.35 United Kingdom  117.49
Bahrain  143.25 Trinidad and Tobago  116.91
Trinidad and Tobago  140.79 Saudi Arabia  114.37
Ecuador  137.22 Belgium  105.21
Saudi Arabia  128.57 Costa Rica  98.16
Cyprus  128.35 Ecuador  94.74
Guyana  127.29 Guyana  94.61

Fastest 50 Countries for Mobile Speed (DL) in 2025

Country (2025) Mbps Country (2024) Mbps
United Arab Emirates  624.87 United Arab Emirates  428.53
Qatar  508.49 Qatar  356.74
Kuwait  411.75 Kuwait  258.51
Brazil  243.62 Denmark  149.73
Bulgaria  229.49 Bulgaria  147.68
Bahrain  227.59 South Korea  146.42
South Korea  227.07 Netherlands  142.84
Brunei  194.18 Norway  139.37
Saudi Arabia  191.4 Luxembourg  127.57
Denmark  178.51 Singapore  123.73
Singapore  173.17 Saudi Arabia  121.94
Netherlands  163.72 United States  116.75
Vietnam  159.57 Bahrain  116.66
United States  158.49 China  115.89
China  156.66 Finland  109.01
North Macedonia  154.4 North Macedonia  106.37
Norway  151.75 France  105.75
Georgia  149.71 Malaysia  104.8
Luxembourg  142.78 Australia  103
Estonia  141.36 Estonia  102.86
Oman  141.07 Sweden  101.84
Malaysia  140.34 Switzerland  99.22
Portugal  138.17 Lithuania  97.76
Slovenia  136.02 Mauritius  97.31
Latvia  132.91 Maldives  95.79
France  131.62 India  95.67
Thailand  129.74 Latvia  94
India  129.65 Taiwan  92.58
Lithuania  127.46 Oman  89.35
Switzerland  126.8 New Zealand  88.39
Malta  125.8 Belgium  86.92
Greece  125.34 Austria  86.64
Australia  124.99 Portugal  85.12
Finland  124.27 Croatia  84.86
New Zealand  123.56 Czechia  83.4
Austria  122.1 Cyprus  82.28
Sweden  120.46 Slovenia  79.8
Taiwan  115.13 Malta  79.29
Belgium  110.53 Canada  79.17
Cyprus  108.48 Brazil  78.2
Croatia  104.45 Greece  77.36
Slovakia  100.97 Georgia  74.47
Albania  100.39 Vietnam  71.23
Poland  95.78 Kosovo  68.24
Czechia  94.89 Hong Kong (SAR)  65.09
Kazakhstan  94.05 Romania  63.44
Hong Kong (SAR)  86.94 Poland  61.66
Canada  86.77 Slovakia  59.85
Chile  86.02 Montenegro  58.33
Italy  85.68 Serbia  58.21

1,000 UK Broadband Users Warned of “Illegal” TV Streaming by FACT | ISPreview UK

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The Federation Against Copyright Theft (FACT) has sent a warning message (via email and text) to over 1,000 broadband internet users in the UK that have been identified as using “illegal TV streaming services“, which calls on them to “immediately cease using illegal TV streaming services or face the risk of prosecution“.

People who access illegal TV streaming services are potentially liable to prosecution for criminal offences, including under Section 11 of the Fraud Act 2006. FACT’s latest campaign warns end users that they are not anonymous and that watching unauthorised content carries serious risks,” states the new announcement.

The latest campaign comes shortly after a recent high-profile case involving Jonathan Edge, from Liverpool, who was jailed for his role in running and personally using an illegal streaming service. Edge was sentenced to three years and four months in prison, in a prosecution supported by FACT and Merseyside Police.

Crucially, Edge’s own use of the unauthorised service was “treated as a distinct crime“, leading to a separate concurrent sentence of two years and three months, “highlighting that end users, not just suppliers, can face criminal prosecution for illegal streaming“.

Detective Sergeant Adam Dagnall, Merseyside Police’s Cybercrime Unit, said:

“Merseyside Police takes illegal streaming seriously because it often helps fund organised crime and puts users at real risk. Not only is it a criminal offence, but the unauthorised streaming services frequently contain malware that can compromise personal devices and lead to the loss of information such as banking details, or be used to commit identity fraud.

Legitimate providers have security measures that protect users from these threats. Please don’t be tempted by cheap so-called ‘fully loaded’ or ‘jailbroken’ devices, even as Christmas gifts – you could end up getting more than you bargained for.”

However, it’s worth noting that Edge’s case was rather at the extreme end of things, which in reality means that casual viewing is more likely to be treated like a civil offence (unless you’re also assisting in the distribution of copyright content). The cost and complexity of successfully prosecuting casual viewing usually means that rights holders will adopt other methods, such as warnings and demands for settlement, where viable (e.g. the difficulty of identifying the person who actually committed the offence on a shared internet connection and or whether it was a brief accidental or full viewing).

The example case used above is also much more clear-cut than the casual viewing of a dodgy stream via a random copyright infringing website. This is because the c.1,000 people being contacted reflect those who had purchased access to so-called “loaded” Firesticks, Android, or Kodi devices from Edge. The details were uncovered as part of the police’s investigation into Edge’s operation. Most such viewing on dodgy streaming websites, which rarely keep logs, doesn’t provide such clear and linkable evidence. Lest we forget all the usual challenges from those using proxy servers, VPNs and other methods to mask their activity.

100 Government Funded 4G Mobile Mast Upgrades Now Live Across UK | ISPreview UK

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The UK Government’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) has tonight revealed that a total of 100 government-funded rural 4G (mobile broadband) mast upgrades have now gone live across England (28 masts), Wales (44) and Scotland (33) as part of the industry-led £1bn Shared Rural Network (SRN) project. But more are set to follow by 2027.

The SRN – originally supported by a commitment of £501m in public funding and £532m of private investment from operators – involves both the reciprocal sharing of existing masts in certain areas and the demand-led building and sharing of new masts in others between the operators.

NOTE: The target varies between regions, thus 4G cover from at least one operator is expected to reach 98% in England, 91% in Scotland, 95% in Wales and 98% in N.Ireland. But this falls to 90% in England, 74% in Scotland, 80% in Wales and 85% in N.Ireland when looking at coverage from all MNOs combined.

The SRN has already achieved its first target a year ahead of schedule by ensuring that 96% of the UK’s landmass can now access a 4G mobile network from at least one operator (here), although the coverage range drops to 89-90% when looking look across all operators (here). The project is now focused on tackling the second target to reduce Total Not-Spot (TNS) areas by January 2027.

Most of the early work on this project has typically involved private investment from the main mobile network operators, but over the past two years we’ve also seen government-funded mast upgrades and new site builds taking place in other parts of the country. A total of 100 mast upgrades have now gone live across the UK via government funding (up from 50 in late May 2025).

Some of this phase has involved helping to upgrade Extended Area Service (EAS) masts that have been built as part of the 4G Emergency Services Network (ESN) – these masts previously only connected EE customers and anyone making 999 calls (i.e. all mobile operators can now use these sites).

The 100 masts are predicted to bring outdoor 4G signal coverage from all mobile networks to over 4,019 square kilometres of the UK – an area equivalent to 2.5 times the size of Greater London. Not to mention 1,400km of roads and 9,500 premises. As well as remote homes, over 400 businesses are now benefiting from new coverage as a result of the latest expansion, boosting economic growth. The new coverage will also be available in 10 national parks across England, Scotland and Wales.

Telecoms Minister, Liz Lloyd, said:

“More of Britain’s rural communities are finally getting the connection they’ve been waiting for as we deck the hills with 4G coverage.

These 100 upgraded masts mean businesses can ring up sales, families can video call their loved ones this Christmas without buffering mid-conversation, and our beautiful rural areas can attract the investment, jobs and tourism they need to thrive.

Whether you’re in the Welsh valleys, the Scottish Highlands, or England’s national parks – rural communities are finally getting the connections they deserve, boosting opportunity and growth as we drive forward plans for national renewal.”

A further 85 government funded mast upgrades are currently planned across Britain before 2027, including up to 44 new publicly funded masts built across Scotland (the first is already live in the Western Isles). The announcement also included a long list of the 100 masts mentioned in today’s update, so if anybody is curious..

The 100 Mast Locations

Location Nation 
Farmland and Buildings, West of Millrigg Farm, Lockerbie, DG11 2PA Scotland 
Rhosrhiw, Pontrhydygreous Ystar, Meurig, SY25 6DX Wales 
Wenalt Farm off B4340, Llanafan, SY23 4AX   Wales 
West Fedw Tylwch, Llanidloes, SY18 6QU Wales 
Esgair Maen- Y-Fan, Llandidloes, SY18 6NT Wales 
Bron Felin Old Hall, Llanidloes, SY18 6PW Wales 
Land at Bridge End Farm, Thirlmere, Keswick, CA12 4TG England 
Kilgwrrwg, Devauden, Chepstow, NP16 6PN Wales 
Bailey Hill. Bailey Bog Farm, Bwlch-y-Sarnau, Rhayader, LD6 5NF Wales 
Pwllan Farm, Tregynon, Powys, SY16 3ER Wales 
Land at Alltcerrig Farm, Pont Faen, Brecon, LD3 9RY Wales 
Garn Rock Newcastle, Craven Arms, SY7 8PD England 
Tyn Y Celyn, Rhiw Fawr, Llanfyllin, SY22 5JQ   Wales 
he Hendre Felindre, Knighton, LD7 1YT          Wales 
Tynypant Llananno, Llandrindod Wells, LD1 6TT Wales 
Plas-yn-Dinam, Llandrillo, Corwen, LL21 0TE   Wales 
Dyfed-Powys / Land at Allt Goch Llandovery SA20 0PP Wales 
Bangor Aberconwy / Ty Isaf Hafod Elwy Bylchau LL16 5SP Wales 
Land at Dolgledr Abergwynant Farm Penmaenpool Dolgellau LL40 1YF Wales 
Pen-rhiwcul Mallwyd SY20 9HR Wales 
Near Solway View Roadhead Carlisle CA6 6NE England 
Glas Aber Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog Wrexham LL20 7LH Wales 
Cossarshill Farm, Ettrick Valley, TD7 5JB Scotland 
Maes Farm Maengwynedd Oswestry SY10 0DE Wales 
Genoch Farm, Straiton, Ayrshire, KA19 7NW Scotland 
Cae Llyn Field Winllan Talybont Ceredigion SY24 5DJ Wales 
Tushielaw Farm off B709, Crosslee, Selkirk, Scottish Borders, TD7 5HT Scotland 
Newgate Foot Newgate Bank Pockley YO62 7TF   England 
Springhill Farm Selattyn Oswestry SY10 7NZ Wales 
Brynceiro Ponterwyd Aberystwyth SY23 3LB Wales 
Land at Mynydd Eithaf, Unnamed Road, Glaspwll, SY20 8UA   Wales 
Land North Of Grange Moor Farm Cottages, Scots Gap, Morpeth, Northumberland NE61 4EE England 
Barnside Hill, Southern Upland Way, Duns, Scottish Borders TD11 3SG Scotland 
Sharplaw Farm, Hownam, Kelso, Roxburghshire Scotland 
Off B7068, Paddockhole, Lockerbie, Dumfries & Galloway, DG11 2QF Scotland 
Amod Farm Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute, PA28 6RN Scotland 
West Buccleuch. Tushielaw, Nr Hawick, TD9 7NF / John Lamont (Con) / Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk   Scotland 
East Friars Farm Bowlees Middleton-in-Teesdale DL12 0XG  England 
Hillcrest NW of B8007 , B8007  Acharacle , Argyll and Bute , PH36 4JG Scotland 
Kildavie Farm, Southend, Campbeltown, Argyll PA28 6RF Scotland 
Brownknowe Farm Tarest Hexham NE48 1PS England 
A849, Rossal Estate, Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute PA70 6HG Scotland 
Scottish Islands (Argyll, Bute and South Lochaber, Scotland 
Land at Westmains Farm, Penton, Carlisle, CA6 5QH England 
Land at Coal Pit Farm, Penwyrlod Forest, Coal Pit Abergavenny, NP7 7LY.  Wales 
Pen Y Fron, Gwytherin Abergele, LL22 8US Wales 
Tyn-yWern Commins Llanrhaedr ym Mochnant, SY10 0BZ Wales 
Revolution Bike Park off B4391 Llangynog SY10 0EP  Wales 
Land at Fangs Brow Farm, Loweswater, Allerdale, Cumbria CA13 0SU England 
Pontmaendu Farm, Upper Chapel, Brecon, Powys, LD3 9RG Wales 
Latterbarrow Nether Wasdale CA20 1ET England 
Land Adjacent to Ivy Cottage, Tarfside, Brechin, DD9 7YU Scotland 
Coed Dolchenog, Cwmystwyth, SY23 4AD Wales 
Coed Cae, Llanymawddwy, Machynlith, SY20 9AQ  Wales 
Land at Ashton Manor, Lower Ashton, EX6 7QW  England 
Land at Hall Dunnerdale Farm, Seathwaite, Broughton in Furness, LA20 6ED England 
Lettaford Cross, North Bovey, TQ13 8RH England
Land off B6255, Hawes, North Yorkshire, DL8 3LX England
  Wales
Leas Hall Farm, Llangunllo, Knighton, Powys, LD7 1SU
  England
Address: Land at Kitridge Farm, Withypool, TA24 7RY
Forestry Track of A890 Strome Ferry near Kyle of Lochalsh, IV53 8UP Scotland
  England
Address: Chapel House Farm, Rosthwaite, Keswick, CA12 5XG
  England
Stoney Post Cross, Holne, Newton Abbot, TQ13 7RY
  Wales
Address: Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL54 6TN
Land at Cwmon, Pengenffordd, Talgarth, LD3 0EU Wales
  Wales
Address: Moel Dol-Frwynog, Un-named Road, Dolgellau, Nearest Postcode LL40 2NT
  Wales
Address: Llanddewi Gwyn, Ceredigion, SY25 6PG
Bothwell Hill, Off B6355, Duns, TD11 3SL Scotland
  Wales
Bivvy 3 Sennybridge Training Area, Brecon, LD4 4DR
Land at Pearsbyhall, Tundergarth, Lockerbie, Dumfries, DG11 2QQ Scotland
Blaentwyni Road, Glyntawe, Swansea, West Glamorgan, SA9 1GS Wales
 Cefn Rowen Isaf, Dolgellau, Gwynedd, LL40 1TP Wales
Barr, Girvan, South Ayrshire, KA26 0TL Scotland
  England
Cauda Brow Croasdale, Ennerdale Bridge, CA26 3YA
Kirriemuir, Angus, DD8 4SD Scotland
  Scotland
Address: Adjacent to B7027, Newton Stewart, Dumfries and Galloway, DG8 6RX
  Wales
Address: Car Park, Ogwen Centre, Bethesda, LL57 3LZ
  Wales
Address: Craig Yr Allt Ddu, Maes Afallon, Bala, LL23 7EY
Duns, TD11 3SW Scotland
  Scotland
Address: Land off B8007, Near Glenborrodale, PH36 4JP
Cliffe House Farm High Bradfield, S6 6LJ England
  Scotland
Address: Off B8083, Srathaird, near Elgol, Isle of Skye, IV49 9AX
  Scotland
Address: off B6399, Langburn Sheils, Hawick, Roxburghshire, TD9 9TZ
Strathconnan Eastes Office, Strathconnan, Muir of Ord IV6 7QQ Scotland
 Inverinate Estate, Camas-Luinie, Near Dornie IV40 8EA Scotland
 Land at Swainsley Head, Kirksteads Farm, Butterton, Derbyshire, ST13 7SR England
 Ellemford Sawmill, nr Ellemford, Lammermuir, Scottish Borders, TD11 3SF Scotland
Thirsk and Malton (Kevin Hollinrake MP, Con) Address: South House Farm, Bransdale, YO62 7JW England
 Off B955, Kirriemuir, Angus, DD8 4QR  Scotland
 Glynhebog Farm, Ffarmers Llanwrda, SA19 8JB Wales
Gerhynt Quarry, Caernarfon Beddgelert, LL55 4NL Wales
Bettws Cedewain, Newtown, Powys, SY16 3DX Wales
Cellnex (formerly QS4), Ashgill Wood, Garrigill, Nr Alston, Cumbria, CA9 3HD England
Near Dykehead, Angus, DD8 4QJ Scotland
 Land at Blackhopebyres, Innerleithen, Scottish Borders , EH44 6NN Scotland
Cam Gill Road Braidley Hall Farm, Braidley, Leyburn DL8 4TX England
Land at Downham Farm, Mindrum, Near Coldstream, Northumberland, TD12 4QJ England
 Pant Mawr, Cwmrheidol, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3NF Wales
The Graig, Llanfair, Waterdine, Knighton, Shropshire, LD7 1TS England
Tarskavaig Community Hall, Tarskavaig, Isle of Skye IV46 8SA Scotland
Woodale Bents, Coverhead Farm, Woodale, Leyburn, DL8 4TY Richmond and Northallerton England
Halse Farm Halse Lane Winsford Exmoor TA24 7JL England 
Dod Law, Near Heriot, Scottish Borders, EH38 5YE Scotland 
Land at Lochbuie, Kinlochspelve, Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, PA62 6AA Scotland

Virgin Media UK Reveals Broadband Network Insights for Christmas | ISPreview UK

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Internet, phone and TV provider Virgin Media (O2) has revealed new insights and consumer survey results from their broadband network, which uses data from the end of last year to highlight how customers use their network over Christmas. Suffice to say that traffic on Christmas Day follows a “markedly different pattern” to a typical day, with network activity peaking at 11am, followed by a noticeable drop-off later in the day.

Firstly, in terms of the consumer polling insights – conducted by Strand Partners (collected from a nationally representative sample of unspecified size), some 37% of respondents said the big day would be “catastrophic” if they lost internet access. Despite that, some 52% stated that cooking is the biggest source of Christmas Day stress, while 46% struggle to persuade others to clean up and 40% highlight competitive behaviour as adding to the strain.

Suffice to say that this often results in people looking for digital escape routes. Nearly a quarter of Brits (24%) plan to sneak off to “doomscroll” to escape the tension, while 19% plan to retreat to call or FaceTime/video call a partner or friend who is not present. A further 21% say they will be actively trying to avoid certain relatives altogether.

However, the greatest interest perhaps stems from Virgin Media’s data on network traffic, which reveals some additional insights. On the other hand, it would be nice if the provider included a bit more network data, rather than just their own high-level interpretation of it.

Trends of Virgin Media’s Christmas Broadband Traffic

7am-9am: The screen-first start 

Rather than opting for a lie-in, Brits are up early on Christmas Day, with broadband traffic starting to rise from 6.30am. A third of the nation (31%) start the big day checking social media before seeing if Santa has been, or opening presents. While early-morning usage starts slightly below a typical weekday, it rises rapidly and by 8am is already outstripping average daily traffic. 

9am-10am: Peak present opening 

Between 9am and 10am, broadband traffic rises sharply, as present opening is in full swing across the UK. This year, 21% of households say they are expecting a new phone, and more than a quarter (27%) will be unwrapping new streaming or gaming subscriptions, driving more data consumption as people set up their new devices.  

10am-12pm: Connectivity spike 

By mid to late morning, the Christmas morning broadband rush reaches its peak, with households making video and voice calls to family and friends and setting up new gadgets, pushing traffic on household broadband networks.  

12pm-3pm: The Christmas lunch dip 

Afternoon broadband traffic dips in the early afternoon, with the nation typically sitting down for Christmas lunch between 2pm and 3pm. Many households step away from screens for a walk, board games, or a post-lunch clean-up.  

Evening: On-demand entertainment take-over 

Evening broadband traffic rises sharply again from 5.30pm through the evening as most Brits (68%) say they settle in to stream Christmas TV and films after 4pm. Last Christmas, the evening rush peaked at 9pm, as families tuned into the long-awaited Gavin and Stacey Reunion Christmas Special. Traffic drops off slightly from 10pm as Brits fall asleep on the sofa – with some late-night peaks in upload traffic after 11pm as some post and share Christmas Day content before bed. 

Gareth Lister, Director of Connectivity at VMO2, said:

“Our network traffic paints a clear picture of how the nation spends Christmas Day, showing how Brits rely on connectivity to contact absent friends and family, stream their favourite movies, keep the day running and maintain the peace when festive tensions run high.

With connectivity playing such an important role, it’s vital that families ensure their internet is set up for success. Simple steps such as placing your Wi-Fi router in a central, open location and checking your broadband speed in advance can make a real difference. It’s also worth setting up connected gifts in advance to ensure they are ready to go once opened to ensure nobody is stuck waiting around.”

Vodafone UK Take Flak on Shetland for Missed or Incorrect Broadband Compensation | ISPreview UK

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Internet and mobile provider Vodafone have been criticised for allegedly failing to correctly compensate some of their customers on Shetland, which is a remote UK subarctic archipelago that resides north of the Scottish mainland. The issue follows from a major subsea fibre break (here) that recently caused a protracted disruption to services during October 2025.

The service disruption did not impact all of the service providers on Shetland in the same way as others, such as Shetland Telecom and BT, which were able to harness an alternative subsea cable. But some, such as Vodafone, lacked the same level of resilience and thus their customers had to endure several weeks of disruption to connectivity.

NOTE: The regulator’s compensation scheme requires ISPs to pay out £9.98 for each calendar day that the service is not repaired (starting two workings days after the incident began).

Customers of the provider’s fixed broadband service should, however, have been able to harness Ofcom’s system of Automatic Compensation. The scheme, which is supported by most of the major ISPs, requires providers to automatically compensate customers (cash or bill credits – within 30 days of the outage) for internet and phone connectivity mishaps (e.g. a total loss of service that last longer than 2 working days) and other delivery delays.

However, a new report on Shetland News reveals that some of Vodafone’s customers have had to argue over incorrect compensation amounts, while others have been told that they will have to manually contact the provider to request it first.

A spokesperson for Vodafone said:

“I can confirm customers in the Shetland area will need to call 191 to discuss compensation for outages.”

In fairness, when it comes to compensation for service loss (i.e. one stemming directly from your ISP’s realm), then Ofcom does state that consumers would normally have to report the fault to their provider first (this is generally always a good thing to do, even if just for evidential reasons). But outages that last longer than two working days are different.

If your broadband or landline service stops working, you will simply have to report the fault to your provider. If the service is not fixed after two full working days, you would not need to ask for compensation or contact your provider again, as your provider has systems in place that mean you will start receiving compensation automatically if the repair takes too long,” says Ofcom. Indeed, in the case of the disruption to Vodafone’s service on Shetland, there was clearly a serious fault impacting their network, so that cannot be in any dispute.

The best advice for those impacted and still awaiting compensation is to file a complaint with Vodafone, which clearly sets out (dates) the period of disruption. After that you should also lodge a complaint with Ofcom to make them aware that compensation has not been paid several months after the incident. We recommend doing all of this in writing, while keeping it short, polite, and highlighting the impacts it had.

James Waring, VodafoneThree’s government affairs manager, said last month that the company had already been able to offer Shetland customers “the compensation they are entitled to …. [and] also made gestures of goodwill on top of that.” Clearly some of their customers on Shetland would appear to disagree with that statement.

North Yorkshire Council to Take NYnet Broadband Scheme National Across UK | ISPreview UK

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The North Yorkshire Council (NYC) in England has announced that NYnet, which is the NYC-owned company that – alongside funding from the local authority, UK government (BDUK) and private investment (network operators) – helped the council to spread faster broadband connectivity across the region, is “set to be expanded nationally“.

The focus of NYnet has already evolved somewhat in recent years. The council-owned company, which also builds, owns, and manages their own fibre network, is today more focused on providing full fibre broadband connectivity to the public sector and businesses in North Yorkshire. In addition, they’ve also expanded into national public sector contracts and supporting IoT services. But their profits can also be reinvested to help boost regional connectivity.

NOTE: NYnet recorded a £500,000 profit during the last financial year that also saw a turnover of £3 million, which is forecast to reach £3.5m in the current financial year.

However, the company looks set to evolve once again, with the council preparing to propose a significant change that could help NYnet to grow and attract new customers, thus further boosting its profits. A report, which is due to be considered by the council executive on 6th January 2026, outlines the proposals to launch a “new company” that will focus on the existing contracts in the county’s public sector.

Existing contracts in the public sector that NYnet has secured include overseeing the council’s public WiFi service, as well as the county’s closed circuit television network. More than 300 schools alongside NHS trusts and North Yorkshire Police have also benefited. As for private sector contracts, NYnet has delivered better broadband connections to firms including a Boroughbridge-based logistics company, Reed Boardall.

The proposed move would effectively free up the existing NYnet arm of the broadband project to focus on attracting new business nationally (i.e. NYnet Limited becomes a commercial company).

Cllr Carl Les, Council Leader and NYnet Board Member, said:

“The work of NYnet has led the way nationally to introduce far greater internet connectivity for homes, businesses and the public sector. It has placed North Yorkshire at the forefront of the digital revolution and the plans to create the new company are aimed at ensuring that we remain at the cutting edge of technology nationally.

We will consider the proposals carefully when the executive meets, but this is an exciting opportunity to bring in greater profits and provide an even greater return for the taxpayers of North Yorkshire.

The plans provide exactly the innovation and clear thinking that is needed at a time when all councils are facing significant pressures on their financial budgets and would help to build on a vital revenue stream for the council.”

The official announcement is light on useful details, although we did find more information in the related council documents for next month’s meeting (here). This reveals, among other things, that the council are proposing to establish NYnet Public Sector Limited (NPSL) as the name of the new wholly owned company.

Council Recommendations for Decision in Jan 2026

i) approve the Business Case at Appendix A;

ii) approve the implementation of a new wholly owned company (NPSL), in accordance with the details set out in the Business Case at Appendix A;

iii) approve the setting up of a company limited by shares;

iv) approve the investment of a nominal share capital of one £1 share in NPSL;

v) approve NYnet Public Sector Limited as the name of the new wholly owned company;

vi) approve the appointment of the Chief Executive, the Assistant Chief Executive (Legal and Democratic Services), Alastair Taylor, Peter Scrope and Richard Doyle as directors of NPSL;

vii) approve the appointment of the Assistant Chief Executive (Legal and Democratic Services) as company secretary of NPSL;

viii) approve the appointment of the Corporate Director (Resources) as the Shareholder Representative for NYnet Limited and NPSL;

ix) delegate the approval of the articles of association and any other governance documents associated with NPSL to the Assistant Director (Legal);

x) delegate the approval of the amendments to the memorandum (including company objects) and articles of association, and any other governance documents associated with the change of NYnet Limited to a commercial company to the Assistant Director (Legal);

xi) delegate to the Corporate Director (Resources), in consultation with the Assistant Director (Legal), to conclude all steps to agree a reduction of the current loan facility cap to NYnet Limited from £10m to £5m and a new loan facility of £5m to NPSL;

xii) delegate to the Assistant Director (Legal) to progress and conclude the working arrangements of NPSL including the method of the provision of support services, staffing and secondment arrangements between NPSL and NYnet Limited;

xiii) delegate all other necessary steps to secure the implementation of the proposed option to the Assistant Director (Legal);

xiv) agree that the appointed officers to the board of directors of NPSL on behalf of the Council will be entitled to indemnity in accordance with the Council’s Indemnity Policy for Members and Employees;

xv) delegate to the Assistant Director (Legal) the approval of the termination of the Council’s existing contract with NYnet Limited and the direct award of new contracts to NPSL under the Teckal exemption or novation of existing contracts as required.

At present the two documents of most interest in all this, Appendix A – Business Case and Appendix B – Proposed Budgets, are both currently “Confidential“. No doubt rival providers in the commercial space will be keeping a close-eye on all this, due to the usual concerns over competition and any potential conflicts of interest etc.

Toob May Have Scaled-Back UK Full Fibre Broadband Build in Waterlooville | ISPreview UK

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Hampshire-based altnet and UK ISP toob, which has built a gigabit speed Fibre-to-the-Premises (FTTP) based broadband network across parts of South England and also harnesses CityFibre’s network in other areas, appears to have recently removed the core part of Waterlooville (Hampshire, England) from their future roll-out plan.

The original £8m deployment across 20,000 premises in Waterlooville was announced all the way back in January 2024 (here), which at the time stated that construction was due to start within the “coming months“. The move made sense as, at the time, Virgin Media were the only major gigabit broadband operator with a strong level of coverage.

NOTE: Toob’s own-built fibre currently covers an estimated 256,500 premises (Sept 2025). The operator aims to cover a total of 300,000 premises with its own fibre (on-net) and they have 100,000 customers (60k on-net).

Since then, toob has expanded or begun the work of expanding around the edges of the town. On top of that, Openreach have begun a major expansion of their own FTTP network in the central area of the town, although much of that has yet to go live.

Finally, CityFibre has also covered a few modest patches within the same central area, which may be relevant given their off-net partnership with toob. But as it stands, they have roughly only reached around 20%+ of premises in the core area and future build plans beyond that remain uncertain, which still leaves space for toob to deploy their own fibre.

However, a key change appears to have occurred in November 2025, when toob updated their roll-out map of Waterlooville (pictured – top). The core / central part of the town had previously been listed as “future build” on their map, but after the update it appears to have been changed to indicate that no build is now planned for the area (i.e. it’s not given any colour coding at all).

Aaron, Resident of Waterlooville, told ISPreview:

“So I have called and emailed multiple times with no response. I reached out to one of their network guys on [redacted] and they mentioned they have pulled out of completing Waterlooville, which is odd, as they have completed Horndean, Cowplain, Denmead and Purbrook, so why leave the main core part of Waterlooville out, the ducts and cables run through it.”

ISPreview queried all this with toob yesterday and are still awaiting a response, although it’s likely that the Christmas period may be getting in the way of their ability to reply in a timely fashion (a common issue at this time of year).

The alternative network operator is currently being financed through equity from funds managed and advised by the Amber Infrastructure Group, as well as a large amount of debt financing provided by Ares Management’s Infrastructure Debt (here). At the end of 2023 this mix of equity and debt reflected a total commitment of £395 million.

Openreach Confirm FTTC and SOGEA UK Broadband Price Rises and Discounts | ISPreview UK

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Network access provider Openreach has also announced a bunch of separate but related changes across their range of Fibre-to-the-Cabinet (FTTC / VDSL2) and complementary SOGEA (standalone FTTC broadband etc.) broadband products for UK ISPs today, which reflects a mix of the usual annual price increase and some special offers.

Firstly, the FTTC broadband price increases follow the usual level of CPI inflation (3.6% at the time these were set) and will be introduced from 1st April 2026, which ISPs will often pass on to consumers. This is relevant because their hybrid fibre products are still widely used by consumers, even though they are being steadily cannibalised by often cheaper “full fibre” (FTTP) packages.

NOTE: Remember, the price ISPs pay for the service at wholesale is not the same as the price customers pay at retail, which is because ISPs have to add all sorts of extra costs on top (e.g. 20% VAT, profit margins, network services / features / capacity etc.).

Separate to this, Openreach has also clarified how much they’ll charge for their 80Mbps download (20Mbps upload) FTTC/SOGEA tier once Ofcom makes it the new regulated (price capped) product from the same date (here), which will replace the previous 40Mbps tier in this role.

For example, the annual FTTC rental price that ISPs pay for this will fall from £154.32 at the usual full price to £92.28 at their discounted rate between 1st April 2026 to 31st March 2031. The SOGEA variant is a bit more expensive than that, although in both cases the pricing details could still be tweaked as the regulator has yet to finalise their forthcoming Telecoms Access Review 2026 (TAR).

Finally, the network operator has also introduced a special offer (here) on the rental price of their FTTC and SOGEA based 55Mbps (10Mbps upload) and 160Mbps (30Mbps) broadband products, which will run from 1st April 2026 to 31st March 2027 and is available to all ISPs across Great Britain and Northern Ireland (no providers will be subject to any commitments).

Openreach Statement

These offer prices are made available on the basis that the Communications Provider will pay the current standard prices for the services in accordance with the terms and conditions for the service for the periods March-August and September-February (“the 6 monthly cycle”). Openreach will, within 30 days of the end of each 6 monthly cycle, calculate and pay to the Communications Provider a rebate equal to the difference between the standard prices paid by the Communications Provider for the service and for that 6 monthly cycle and the offer price, with rebates made payable in October and April billing months. Any rebate is subject to the standard terms and conditions for the service.

During this period, their 55Mbps and 160Mbps FTTC tiers (160Mbps here means G.fast) will have annual rental prices of £92.28 (normally £130.32) and £121.84 (normally £178.20) +vat respectively. As above, the SOGEA variants of these are about twice as expensive.

Openreach has been putting out a lot of details, price changes and special offers lately, which makes it challenging to keep track of everything. Tis the season.